- For the base of the natural logarithm, see e (mathematical constant). For the base-10 exponential notation, see E notation. For E-road numbers, see E numaraları (disambiguation).
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E numbers are number codes for food additives that have been assessed for use within the European Union (the "E" prefix stands for "Europe") [1] [clarification needed]. They are commonly found on food labels throughout the European Union.[2][citation needed] Safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority.[3] [clarification needed] The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System (INS) as determined by the Codex Alimentarius committee[4] though only a subset of the INS additives are approved for use in the European Union. E numbers are also encountered on food labelling in other jurisdictions, including the GCC, Australia, New Zealand and Israel. The "E" prefix is omitted in Australia and New Zealand. They are increasingly (though still rarely) found on North American packaging, especially in Canada.
In casual language in the UK and Ireland, "E number" is used as a pejorative term for artificial food additives, and products may promote themselves as "free of E numbers" even though most of the (natural) ingredients contain components that also have an E number[citation needed] (e.g. Vitamin C (E300) or lycopene (E160d), the colour in tomatoes). To have a diet without any components that have an E number is basically impossible. "Free of E numbers" thus refers mainly to the lack of additives, not to the absence of components with an E number.
Classification by numeric range[]
100–199 Colours |
100–109 | yellows (see the E number#Full list) |
---|---|---|
110–119 | oranges | |
120–129 | reds | |
130–139 | blues & violets | |
140–149 | greens | |
150–159 | browns & blacks | |
160–199 | others | |
200–299 Preservatives |
200–209 | sorbates |
210–219 | benzoates | |
220–229 | sulphites | |
230–239 | phenols & formates (methanoates) | |
240–259 | nitrates | |
260–269 | acetates (ethanoates) | |
270–279 | lactates | |
280–289 | propionates (propanoates) | |
290–299 | others | |
300–399 Antioxidants & acidity regulators |
300–305 | ascorbates (vitamin C) |
306–309 | Tocopherol (vitamin E) | |
310–319 | gallates & erythorbates | |
320–329 | lactates | |
330–339 | citrates & tartrates | |
340–349 | phosphates | |
350–359 | malates & adipates | |
360–369 | succinates & fumarates | |
370–399 | others | |
400–499 Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers |
400–409 | alginates |
410–419 | natural gums | |
420–429 | other natural agents | |
430–439 | polyoxyethene compounds | |
440–449 | natural emulsifiers | |
450–459 | phosphates | |
460–469 | cellulose compounds | |
470–489 | fatty acids & compounds | |
490–499 | others | |
500–599 pH regulators & anti-caking agents |
500–509 | mineral acids & bases |
510–519 | chlorides & sulphates | |
520–529 | sulphates & hydroxides | |
530–549 | alkali metal compounds | |
550–559 | silicates | |
570–579 | stearates & gluconates | |
580–599 | others | |
600–699 Flavour enhancers |
620–629 | glutamates |
630–639 | inosinates | |
640–649 | others | |
700–799 Antibiotics |
710–713 | |
900–999 Miscellaneous |
900–909 | waxes |
910–919 | synthetic glazes | |
920–929 | improving agents | |
930–949 | packaging gases | |
950–969 | sweeteners | |
990–999 | foaming agents | |
1100–1599 Additional chemicals |
New chemicals that do not fall into standard classification schemes |
NB: Not all examples of a class fall into the given numeric range. Moreover, many chemicals, particularly in the E400–499 range, have a variety of purposes.
Full list[]
Each additional has its status:
- permitted additionals are labeled with N/A;
- forbidden additionals were proven to cause diseases beyond any doubt;
- unpermitted additionals are those for which conclusive test data is not yet available either due to ongoing tests or no testing;
- dangerous additionals may be dangerous for people with chronic diseases.
E100–E199 (colours)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E100 | Curcumin, turmeric | food colouring (yellow-orange) | N/A |
E101 | Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) | food colouring (yellow-orange) | N/A |
E101a | Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate | food colouring (yellow-orange)[citation needed] | N/A |
E102 | Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5) | food colouring (lemon yellow) | Unpermitted in the EU[citation needed] |
E103 | Chrysoine resorcinol | food colouring (golden) | Forbidden[citation needed] |
E104 | Quinoline Yellow WS | food colouring (dull or greenish yellow) | Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK.[citation needed] |
E105 | Fast Yellow AB | food colouring (yellow)[citation needed] | N/A |
E106 | Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate | food colouring (yellow)[citation needed] | N/A |
E107 | Yellow 2G | food colouring (yellow) | N/A |
E110 | Sunset Yellow FCF (Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6) | food colouring (yellow-orange)[citation needed] | Banned in Finland, Norway & the UK (voluntarily). Products in the EU require warnings and is evaluating a phase-out.[citation needed] |
E111 | Orange GGN | food colouring (orange)[citation needed] | N/A |
E120 | Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines, Natural Red 4 | food colouring (crimson)[citation needed] | N/A |
E121 | Citrus Red 2 | food colouring (dark red) | Forbidden[citation needed] |
E122 | Carmoisine, Azorubine | food colouring (red to maroon)[citation needed] | Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK, currently banned in Canada, Japan, Norway, USA & Sweden. EU currently evaluating health risks.[citation needed] |
E123 | Amaranth (FD&C Red 2) | food colouring (dark red) | Forbidden[citation needed] |
E124 | Ponceau 4R (Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R) | food colouring (red)[citation needed] | Unpermitted in the United States, Norway & Finland. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK.[citation needed] |
E125 | Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN | food colouring (red)[citation needed] | N/A |
E126 | Ponceau 6R | food colouring (red)[citation needed] | N/A |
E127 | Erythrosine (FD&C Red 3) | food colouring (red)[citation needed] | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E128 | Red 2G | food colouring (red)[citation needed] | Forbidden[citation needed] |
E129 | Allura Red AC (FD&C Red 40) | food colouring (red)[citation needed] | Banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Switzerland & Sweden. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK. Permitted in the US and by the EU (whilst preserving individual country bans).[citation needed] |
E130 | Indanthrene blue RS | food colouring (blue)[citation needed] | N/A |
E131 | Patent Blue V | food colouring (dark blue) | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E132 | Indigo carmine, FD&C Blue 2 | food colouring(indigo) | Dangerous [citation needed] |
E133 | Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1) | food colouring (reddish blue) | N/A |
E140 | Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins | food colouring (green) | N/A |
E141 | Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins | food colouring (green)[citation needed] | N/A |
E142 | Green S | food colouring (green)[citation needed] | Unpermitted in the EU[citation needed] |
E143 | Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green 3) | food colouring (sea green) | N/A |
E150a | Plain caramel | food colouring | N/A |
E150b | Caustic sulfite caramel | food colouring | N/A |
E150c | Ammonia caramel | food colouring | N/A |
E150d | Sulphite ammonia caramel | food colouring | N/A |
E151 | Black PN, Brilliant Black BN | food colouring | N/A |
E152 | Black 7984 | food colouring | N/A |
E153 | Carbon black, Vegetable carbon | food colouring | N/A |
E154 | Brown FK, Kipper Brown | food colouring | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E155 | Brown HT, Chocolate brown HT | food colouring | N/A |
E160a | Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene | food colouring | N/A |
E160b | Annatto, bixin, norbixin | food colouring | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E160c | Paprika extract, Capsanthin, capsorubin | food colouring | N/A |
E160d | Lycopene | food colouring | N/A |
E160e | Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) | food colouring | N/A |
E160f | Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30) | food colouring | N/A |
E161a | Flavoxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161b | Lutein | food colouring | N/A |
E161c | Cryptoxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161d | Rubixanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161e | Violaxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161f | Rhodoxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161g | Canthaxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161h | Zeaxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161i | Citranaxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E161j | Astaxanthin | food colouring | N/A |
E162 | Beetroot Red, Betanin | food colouring | N/A |
E163 | Anthocyanins | food colouring | N/A |
E170 | Calcium carbonate, Chalk | food colouring | N/A |
E171 | Titanium dioxide | food colouring (pure white) | N/A |
E172 | Iron oxides and hydroxides | food colouring | N/A |
E173 | Aluminium | food colouring | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E174 | Silver | food colouring | N/A |
E175 | Gold | food colouring | N/A |
E180 | Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK | food colouring | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E181 | Tannin | food colouring | N/A |
E182 | Orcein, Orchil | food colouring | N/A |
E200–E299 (preservatives)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E200 | Sorbic acid | preservative | N/A |
E201 | Sodium sorbate | preservative | N/A |
E202 | Potassium sorbate | preservative | N/A |
E203 | Calcium sorbate | preservative | N/A |
E209 | Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | N/A |
E210 | Benzoic acid | preservative | Unpermitted in UK[citation needed] |
E211 | Sodium benzoate | preservative | N/A |
E212 | Potassium benzoate | preservative | N/A |
E213 | Calcium benzoate | preservative | N/A |
E214 | Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) | preservative | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E215 | Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | N/A |
E216 | Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) | preservative | Forbidden[citation needed] |
E217 | Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | Forbidden[citation needed] |
E218 | Methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) | preservative | N/A |
E219 | Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | N/A |
E220 | Sulphur dioxide | preservative | N/A |
E221 | Sodium sulphite | preservative | N/A |
E222 | Sodium bisulphite (sodium hydrogen sulphite) | preservative | N/A |
E223 | Sodium metabisulphite | preservative | N/A |
E224 | Potassium metabisulphite | preservative | N/A |
E225 | Potassium sulphite | preservative | N/A |
E226 | Calcium sulphite | preservative | N/A |
E227 | Calcium hydrogen sulphite (preservative) | firming agent | N/A |
E228 | Potassium hydrogen sulphite | preservative | N/A |
E230 | Biphenyl, diphenyl | preservative | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E231 | Orthophenyl phenol | preservative | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E232 | Sodium orthophenyl phenol | preservative | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E233 | Thiabendazole | preservative | N/A |
E234 | Nisin | preservative | N/A |
E235 | Natamycin, Pimaracin | preservative | N/A |
E236 | Formic acid | preservative | N/A |
E237 | Sodium formate | preservative | N/A |
E238 | Calcium formate | preservative | N/A |
E239 | Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine) | preservative | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E240 | Formaldehyde | preservative | Forbidden[citation needed] |
E242 | Dimethyl dicarbonate | preservative | N/A |
E249 | Potassium nitrite | preservative | N/A |
E250 | Sodium nitrite | preservative | N/A |
E251 | Sodium nitrate | preservative | N/A |
E252 | Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) | preservative | N/A |
E260 | Acetic acid (preservative) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E261 | Potassium acetate (preservative) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E262 | Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate) | preservative, acidity regulator | N/A |
E263 | Calcium acetate (preservative) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E264 | Ammonium acetate | preservative | N/A |
E265 | Dehydroacetic acid | preservative | N/A |
E266 | Sodium dehydroacetate | preservative | N/A |
E270 | Lactic acid (preservative) (acid) | antioxidant | N/A |
E280 | Propionic acid | preservative | N/A |
E281 | Sodium propionate | preservative | N/A |
E282 | Calcium propionate | preservative | N/A |
E283 | Potassium propionate | preservative | N/A |
E284 | Boric acid | preservative | N/A |
E285 | Sodium tetraborate (borax) | preservative | N/A |
E290 | Carbon dioxide | acidity regulator | N/A |
E296 | Malic acid (acid) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E297 | Fumaric acid | acidity regulator | N/A |
E300–E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E300 | Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | antioxidant | N/A |
E301 | Sodium ascorbate | antioxidant | N/A |
E302 | Calcium ascorbate | antioxidant | N/A |
E303 | Potassium ascorbate | antioxidant | N/A |
E304 | Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate | antioxidant | N/A |
E305 | (ii) Ascorbyl stearate | antioxidant | N/A |
E306 | Tocopherol-rich extract (natural) | antioxidant | N/A |
E307 | Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) | antioxidant | N/A |
E308 | Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) | antioxidant | N/A |
E309 | Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) | antioxidant | N/A |
E310 | Propyl gallate | antioxidant | N/A |
E311 | Octyl gallate | antioxidant | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E312 | Dodecyl gallate | antioxidant | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E313 | Ethyl gallate | antioxidant | Dangerous[citation needed] |
E314 | Guaiac resin | antioxidant | N/A |
E315 | Erythorbic acid | antioxidant | N/A |
E316 | Sodium erythorbate | antioxidant | N/A |
E317 | Erythorbin acid | antioxidant | N/A |
E318 | Sodium erythorbin | antioxidant | N/A |
E319 | tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) | antioxidant | N/A |
E320 | Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) | antioxidant | N/A |
E321 | Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) | antioxidant | N/A |
E322 | Lecithin | emulsifier | N/A |
E323 | Anoxomer | antioxidant | N/A |
E324 | Ethoxyquin | antioxidant | N/A |
E325 | Sodium lactate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E326 | Potassium lactate (antioxidant) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E327 | Calcium lactate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E328 | Ammonium lactate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E329 | Magnesium lactate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E330 | Citric acid | acid, acidity regulator | N/A |
E331 | Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E332 | Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Potassium citrate (tripotassium citrate) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E333 | Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate) | acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant | N/A |
E334 | Tartaric acid (L(+)-) | (acid) | N/A |
E335 | Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii), Disodium tartrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E336 | Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E337 | Sodium potassium tartrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E338 | Orthophosphoric acid | acid | N/A |
E339 | Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate | antioxidant | N/A |
E340 | Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate | antioxidant | N/A |
E341 | Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate | anti-caking agent, firming agent | N/A |
E342 | Ammonium phosphates: (i) Monoammonium orthophosphate (ii) Diammonium orthophosphate | N/A | |
E343 | Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate | anti-caking agent | This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives |
E344 | Lecitin citrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E345 | Magnesium citrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E349 | Ammonium malate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E350 | Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E351 | Potassium malate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E352 | Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E353 | Metatartaric acid | emulsifier | N/A |
E354 | Calcium tartrate | emulsifier | N/A |
E355 | Adipic acid | acidity regulator | N/A |
E356 | Sodium adipate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E357 | Potassium adipate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E359 | Ammonium adipate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E363 | Succinic acid | acidity regulator | N/A |
E365 | Sodium fumarate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E366 | Potassium fumarate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E367 | Calcium fumarate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E368 | Ammonium fumarate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E370 | 1,4-Heptonolactone | acidity regulator | N/A |
E375 | Niacin (nicotinic acid), Nicotinamide | colour retention agent | N/A |
E380 | Triammonium citrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E381 | Ammonium ferric citrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E383 | Calcium glycerylphosphate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E384 | Isopropyl citrate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E385 | Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, (Calcium disodium EDTA) | sequestrant | N/A |
E386 | Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Disodium EDTA) | sequestrant | N/A |
E387 | Oxystearin | stabiliser | N/A |
E388 | Thiodipropionic acid | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E389 | Dilauryl thiodipropionate | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E390 | Distearyl thiodipropionate | N/A | |
E391 | Phytic acid | N/A | |
E399 | Calcium lactobionate | N/A |
E400–E499 (thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E400 | Alginic acid (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E401 | Sodium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E402 | Potassium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E403 | Ammonium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | N/A |
E404 | Calcium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E405 | Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | N/A |
E406 | Agar (thickener) (gelling agent) | stabiliser | N/A |
E407 | Carrageenan (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E407a | Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E408 | Bakers yeast glycan | N/A | |
E409 | Arabinogalactan | N/A | |
E410 | Locust bean gum (Carob gum) (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E411 | Oat gum (thickener) | stabiliser | N/A |
E412 | Guar gum (thickener) | stabiliser | N/A |
E413 | Tragacanth (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | N/A |
E414 | Acacia gum (gum arabic) (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | N/A |
E415 | Xanthan gum (thickener) | stabiliser | N/A |
E416 | Karaya gum (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | N/A |
E417 | Tara gum (thickener) | stabiliser | N/A |
E418 | Gellan gum (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | N/A |
E419 | Gum ghatti (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | N/A |
E420 | Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup (emulsifier) (sweetener) | humectant | N/A |
E421 | Mannitol (anti-caking agent) | sweetener | N/A |
E422 | Glycerol (emulsifier) | sweetener | N/A |
E424 | Curdlan | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E425 | Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane | emulsifier | Unpermitted in the EU[citation needed] |
E426 | Soybean hemicellulose | ||
E429 | Peptones | N/A | |
E430 | Polyoxyethene (8) stearate (emulsifier) | stabiliser | N/A |
E431 | Polyoxyethene (40) stearate | emulsifier | N/A |
E432 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20) | emulsifier | N/A |
E433 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) | emulsifier | N/A |
E434 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) | emulsifier | N/A |
E435 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60) | emulsifier | N/A |
E436 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65) | emulsifier | N/A |
E440 | Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin | emulsifier | N/A |
E441 | Gelatine (emulsifier) | gelling agent | N/A |
E442 | Ammonium phosphatides | emulsifier | N/A |
E443 | Brominated vegetable oil | N/A | |
E444 | Sucrose acetate isobutyrate | emulsifier | N/A |
E445 | Glycerol esters of wood rosins | emulsifier | N/A |
E446 | Succistearin | N/A | |
E450 | Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate | emulsifier | N/A |
E451 | Triphosphates (i) Sodium tripolyphosphate (pentasodium triphosphate) (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate | emulsifier | N/A |
E452 | Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphosphates (v) Ammonium Polyphosphate | emulsifier | N/A |
E459 | Beta-cyclodextrine | emulsifier | N/A |
E460 | Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose | emulsifier | N/A |
E461 | Methyl cellulose | emulsifier | N/A |
E462 | Ethyl cellulose | emulsifier | N/A |
E463 | Hydroxypropyl cellulose | emulsifier | N/A |
E464 | Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, = hypromellose | emulsifier | N/A |
E465 | Ethyl methyl cellulose | emulsifier | N/A |
E466 | Carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose | emulsifier | N/A |
E467 | Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose | N/A | |
E468 | Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose) | emulsifier | This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives |
E469 | Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose | emulsifier | N/A |
E470 | Salts of fatty acids with base Al, Ca, Na, Mg, K and NH4 | N/A | |
E470a | Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E470b | Magnesium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E471 | Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate) | emulsifier | N/A |
E472a | Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E472b | Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E472c | Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E472d | Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E472e | Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E472f | Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E472g | Succinylated monoglycerides | emulsifier | N/A |
E473 | Sucrose esters of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E474 | Sucroglycerides | emulsifier | N/A |
E475 | Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E476 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate | emulsifier | N/A |
E477 | Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E478 | Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1 | emulsifier | N/A |
E479b | Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | N/A |
E480 | Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate | emulsifier | N/A |
E481 | Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate | emulsifier | N/A |
E482 | Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate | emulsifier | N/A |
E483 | Stearyl tartrate | emulsifier | N/A |
E484 | Stearyl citrate | emulsifier | N/A |
E485 | Sodium Stearoyl Fumarate | emulsifier | N/A |
E486 | Calcium Stearoyl Fumarate | emulsifier | N/A |
E487 | Sodium laurylsulphate | emulsifier | N/A |
E488 | Ethoxylated Mono- and Di-Glycerides | emulsifier | N/A |
E489 | Methyl Glucoside - Coconut Oil Ester | emulsifier | N/A |
E490 | Propane-1,2-diol | N/A | |
E491 | Sorbitan monostearate | emulsifier | N/A |
E492 | Sorbitan tristearate | emulsifier | N/A |
E493 | Sorbitan monolaurate | emulsifier | N/A |
E494 | Sorbitan monooleate | emulsifier | N/A |
E495 | Sorbitan monopalmitate | emulsifier | N/A |
E496 | Sorbitan trioleat | emulsifier | N/A |
E497 | Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymers | N/A | |
E498 | Partial polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil | N/A | |
E499 | Cassia gum | N/A |
E500–E599 (acidity regulators, anti-caking agents)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E500 | Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium bicarbonate (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate (acidity regulator) | raising agent | N/A |
E501 | Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium bicarbonate (Potassium hydrogen carbonate) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E503 | Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium bicarbonate (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate) | acidity regulator | N/A |
E504 | Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate Magnesium hydrogen carbonate | acidity regulator, anti-caking agent | N/A |
E505 | Ferrous carbonate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E507 | Hydrochloric acid | acid | N/A |
E508 | Potassium chloride (gelling agent) | seasoning | N/A |
E509 | Calcium chloride (sequestrant) | firming agent | N/A |
E510 | Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution (acidity regulator) | improving agent | N/A |
E511 | Magnesium chloride | firming agent | N/A |
E512 | Stannous chloride | antioxidant | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E513 | Sulphuric acid | acid | N/A |
E514 | Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii) | acid | N/A |
E515 | Potassium Sulphates (i) Potassium Sulphate (ii) | N/A | |
E516 | Calcium sulphate | N/A | |
E517 | Ammonium sulphate | improving agent | N/A |
E518 | Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), (acidity regulator) | firming agent | N/A |
E519 | Copper(II) sulphate | preservative | N/A |
E520 | Aluminium sulphate | firming agent | N/A |
E521 | Aluminium sodium sulphate | firming agent | N/A |
E522 | Aluminium potassium sulphate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E523 | Aluminium ammonium sulphate | acidity regulator | N/A |
E524 | Sodium hydroxide | acidity regulator | N/A |
E525 | Potassium hydroxide | acidity regulator | N/A |
E526 | Calcium hydroxide (acidity regulator) | firming agent | N/A |
E527 | Ammonium hydroxide | acidity regulator | N/A |
E528 | Magnesium hydroxide | acidity regulator | N/A |
E529 | Calcium oxide (acidity regulator) | improving agent | N/A |
E530 | Magnesium oxide (acidity regulator) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E535 | Sodium ferrocyanide (acidity regulator) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E536 | Potassium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E537 | Ferrous hexacyanomanganate | anti-caking agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E538 | Calcium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E539 | Sodium thiosulphate | antioxidant | N/A |
E540 | Dicalcium diphosphate (acidity regulator) | emulsifier | N/A |
E541 | Sodium aluminium phosphate (i) Acidic (ii) Basic | emulsifier | N/A |
E542 | Bone phosphate (Essentiale Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E543 | Calcium sodium polyphosphate | emulsifier | N/A |
E544 | Calcium polyphosphate | emulsifier | N/A |
E545 | Ammonium polyphosphate | emulsifier | N/A |
E550 | Sodium Silicates (i) Sodium silicate (ii) Sodium metasilicate | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E551 | Silicon dioxide (Silica) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E552 | Calcium silicate | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E553a | (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E553b | Talc | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E554 | Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E555 | Potassium aluminium silicate | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E556 | Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E557 | Zinc silicate | anti-caking agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E558 | Bentonite | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E559 | Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E560 | Potassium silicate | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E561 | Vermiculite | N/A | |
E562 | Sepiolite | N/A | |
E563 | Sepiolitic clay | N/A | |
E565 | Lignosulphonates | N/A | |
E566 | Natrolite-phonolite | N/A | |
E570 | Stearic acid (Fatty acid) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E572 | Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate (emulsifier) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E574 | Gluconic acid | acidity regulator | N/A |
E575 | Glucono delta-lactone (acidity regulator) | sequestrant | N/A |
E576 | Sodium gluconate | sequestrant | N/A |
E577 | Potassium gluconate | sequestrant | N/A |
E578 | Calcium gluconate | firming agent | N/A |
E579 | Ferrous gluconate | food colouring | N/A |
E580 | Magnesium gluconate | N/A | |
E585 | Ferrous lactate | food colouring | N/A |
E586 | 4-Hexylresorcinol | antioxidant | N/A |
E598 | Synthetic calcium aluminates | N/A | |
E599 | Perlite | N/A |
E600–E699 (flavour enhancers)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E620 | Glutamic acid | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E621 | Monosodium glutamate (MSG) | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E622 | Monopotassium glutamate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E623 | Calcium diglutamate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E624 | Monoammonium glutamate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E625 | Magnesium diglutamate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E626 | Guanylic acid | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E627 | Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E628 | Dipotassium guanylate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E629 | Calcium guanylate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E630 | Inosinic acid | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E631 | Disodium inosinate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E632 | Dipotassium inosinate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E633 | Calcium inosinate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E634 | Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E635 | Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E636 | Maltol | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E637 | Ethyl maltol | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E640 | Glycine and its sodium salt | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E641 | L-leucine | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E642 | Lysine hydrochloride | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E650 | Zinc acetate | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E700–E799 (antibiotics)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E700 | Bacitracin | ||
E701 | Tetracyclines | N/A | |
E710 | Spiramycins | N/A | |
E711 | Virginiamicins | N/A | |
E712 | Flavophospholipol | ||
E713 | Tylosin | N/A | |
E714 | Monensin | ||
E715 | Avoparcin | ||
E716 | Salinomycin | ||
E717 | Avilamycin |
E900–E999 (miscellaneous)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E900 | Dimethyl polysiloxane (anti-foaming agent) | anti-caking agent | N/A |
E901 | Beeswax , white and yellow | glazing agent | N/A |
E902 | Candelilla wax | glazing agent | N/A |
E903 | Carnauba wax | glazing agent | N/A |
E904 | Shellac | glazing agent | N/A |
E905 | Paraffins | N/A | |
E905a | Mineral oil | anti-foaming agent | N/A |
E905b | Petrolatum | N/A | |
E905c | Petroleum wax (i)Microcrystalline wax (ii) Paraffin wax | glazing agent | N/A |
E906 | Gum benzoic | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E907 | Crystalline wax | glazing agent | N/A |
E908 | Rice bran wax | glazing agent | N/A |
E909 | Spermaceti wax | glazing agent | N/A |
E910 | Wax esters | glazing agent | N/A |
E911 | Methyl esters of fatty acids | glazing agent | N/A |
E912 | Montan wax | glazing agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E913 | Lanolin, sheep wool grease | glazing agent | N/A |
E914 | Oxidized polyethylene wax | glazing agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E915 | Esters of colophony | glazing agent | N/A |
E916 | Calcium iodate | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E917 | Potassium iodate | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E918 | Nitrogen oxides | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E919 | Nitrosyl chloride | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E920 | L-cysteine | improving agent | N/A |
E921 | L-cystine | improving agent | N/A |
E922 | Potassium persulfate | improving agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E923 | Ammonium persulfate | improving agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E924 | Potassium bromate | improving agent | N/A |
E924b | Calcium bromate | improving agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E925 | Chlorine | preservative, bleach, improving agent | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E926 | Chlorine dioxide (preservative) | bleach | Unpermitted[citation needed] |
E927a | Azodicarbonamide | improving agent | N/A |
E927b | Carbamide (urea) | improving agent | N/A |
E928 | Benzoyl peroxide (improving agent) | bleach | N/A |
E929 | Acetone peroxide | Unpermitted[citation needed] | |
E930 | Calcium peroxide (improving agent) | bleach | N/A |
E938 | Argon | packaging gas | N/A |
E939 | Helium | packaging gas | N/A |
E940 | Dichlorodifluoromethane | packaging gas | Rarely used |
E941 | Nitrogen (packaging gas) | propellant | N/A |
E942 | Nitrous oxide | propellant | N/A |
E943a | Butane | propellant | N/A |
E943b | Isobutane | propellant | N/A |
E944 | Propane | propellant | N/A |
E945 | Chloropentafluoroethane | propellant | N/A |
E946 | Octafluorocyclobutane | propellant | N/A |
E948 | Oxygen | packaging gas | N/A |
E949 | Hydrogen | packaging gas | N/A |
E950 | Acesulfame potassium | sweetener | N/A |
E951 | Aspartame | sweetener | |
E952 | Cyclamic acid and its sodium and calcium salts, also known as Cyclamate | sweetener | N/A |
E953 | Isomalt, Isomaltitol | sweetener | N/A |
E954 | Saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts | sweetener | N/A |
E955 | Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) | sweetener | N/A |
E956 | Alitame | sweetener | N/A |
E957 | Thaumatin (sweetener) | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E958 | Glycyrrhizin (sweetener) | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E959 | Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (sweetener) | flavour enhancer | N/A |
E960 | Stevioside | sweetener | N/A |
E961 | Neotame | sweetener | N/A |
E962 | Aspartame-acesulfame salt (sweetener) | stabiliser | N/A |
E965 | Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup (sweetener) (stabiliser) | humectant | N/A |
E966 | Lactitol | sweetener | N/A |
E967 | Xylitol | sweetener | N/A |
E968 | Erythritol | humectant | N/A |
E999 | Quillaia extract | foaming agent | N/A |
E1000–E1999 (additional chemicals)[]
Code | Name | Purpose | Status |
E1000 | Cholic acid | emulsifier | N/A |
E1001 | Choline salts | emulsifier | N/A |
E1100 | Amylase | stabiliser, flavour enhancer | N/A |
E1101 | Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin) | stabiliser, flavour enhancer | N/A |
E1102 | Glucose oxidase | antioxidant | N/A |
E1103 | Invertase | stabiliser | N/A |
E1104 | Lipases | N/A | |
E1105 | Lysozyme | preservative | N/A |
E1200 | Polydextrose | stabiliser, thickening agent, humectant, carrier | N/A |
E1201 | Polyvinylpyrrolidone | stabiliser | N/A |
E1202 | Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (carrier) | stabiliser | N/A |
E1203 | Polyvinyl alcohol | N/A | |
E1204 | Pullulan | N/A | |
E1400 | Dextrin (Dextrins, roasted starch white and yellow) (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1401 | Modified starch ((Acid-treated starch) stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1402 | Alkaline modified starch (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1403 | Bleached starch (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1404 | Oxidized starch (emulsifier) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1405 | Enzyme treated starch | N/A | |
E1410 | Monostarch phosphate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1411 | Distarch glycerol (thickening agent) | emulsifier | N/A |
E1412 | Distarch phosphate esterified with sodium trimetasphosphate; esterified with phosphorus oxychloride (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1413 | Phosphated distarch phosphate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1414 | Acetylated distarch phosphate (emulsifier) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1420 | Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1421 | Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1422 | Acetylated Distarch Adipate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1423 | Acetylated distarch glycerol | thickening agent | N/A |
E1430 | Distarch glycerine (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1440 | Hydroxy propyl starch (emulsifier) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1441 | Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1442 | Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1443 | Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerol | N/A | |
E1450 | Starch sodium octenyl succinate (emulsifier) (stabiliser) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1451 | Acetylated oxidised starch (emulsifier) | thickening agent | N/A |
E1501 | Benzylated hydrocarbons | N/A | |
E1502 | Butane-1, 3-diol | N/A | |
E1503 | Castor oil | resolving agent | N/A |
E1504 | Ethyl acetate | flavour solvent | N/A |
E1505 | Triethyl citrate | foam stabiliser | N/A |
E1510 | Ethanol | N/A | |
E1516 | Glyceryl monoacetate | flavour solvent | N/A |
E1517 | Glyceryl diacetate or diacetin | flavour solvent | N/A |
E1518 | Glyceryl triacetate or triacetin | humectant | N/A |
E1519 | Benzyl alcohol | N/A | |
E1520 | Propylene glycol | humectant | N/A |
E1521 | Polyethylene glycerol | N/A | |
E1525 | Hydroxyethyl cellulose | thickening agent | N/A |
Notes[]
- ↑ UK Food Standards Agency
- ↑ European Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners
- ↑ http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php
- ↑ Codex Alimentarius. "Noms de Categorie et Systeme International de Numerotation des Additifs Alimentaires". http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/7/cxg_036f.pdf. Retrieved 2 April 2009.
2. Codex Alimentarius - http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/CXS_192e.pdf 1 June 2009
See also[]
- List of food additives
- List of food additives, Codex Alimentarius
External links[]
- E-codes and ingredients search engine with details/suggestions for Muslims
- Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers
- Food Additives in the European Union
- Halal Status for E-Numbers
E numbers | |
---|---|
Colours (E100–199) • Preservatives (E200–299) • Antioxidants & Acidity regulators (E300–399) • Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers (E400–499) • pH regulators & anti-caking agents (E500–599) • Flavour enhancers (E600–699) • Miscellaneous (E900–999) • Additional chemicals (E1100–1599) Waxes (E900–909) • Synthetic glazes (E910–919) • Improving agents (E920–929) • Packaging gases (E930–949) • Sweeteners (E950–969) • Foaming agents (E990–999) Dimethyl polysiloxane (E900) • Beeswax (E901) • Candelilla wax (E902) • Carnauba wax (E903) • Shellac (E904) • Paraffins (E905) • Mineral oil (E905a) • Vaseline (E905b) • Microcrystalline wax (E905c) • Gum benzoic (E906) • Crystalline wax (E907) • Rice bran wax (E908) |
de:Liste der in der Europäischen Union zugelassenen Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe
fr:Liste des additifs alimentaires
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